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<p class="MsoNormal" align="center"><span>Pulmonology</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>Pulmonology</span></b><span> is considered a branch of internal medicine, and is related to intensive care medicine. Pulmonologists are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complicated chest infections.</span><span>(1)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Who is a pulmonologist?</span><span>(</span><span>2)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>A <b>pulmonologist</b> is a doctor who specializes in lung conditions. A pulmonologist diagnoses and treats diseases of the respiratory system. You might hear these healthcare providers called lung doctors, lung specialists or chest doctors.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>In addition to your lungs, your respiratory system includes your nose, throat, trachea, airways, muscles and blood vessels.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="AR-JO" dir="RTL"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Some illnesses treated  by pulmonologists include:</span><span>(2)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Asthma.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Bronchiectasis.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Bronchitis.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>COVID-19.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Cystic fibrosis.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Emphysema.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Interstitial lung disease.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Lung cancer.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Pulmonary hypertension.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Sarcoidosis.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Sleep apnea.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Tuberculosis.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Asbestosis.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Chronic beryllium disease (berylliosis)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (black lung disease).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Silicosis.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>When should you see a pulmonologist?</span><span>(3)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>If you have symptoms that your regular healthcare provider isn’t able to help you with, or if they think you would be better off seeing a specialist, they might refer you to a pulmonologist. Some of these signs and symptoms might include:</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Chest pain or tightness.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Difficulty breathing, especially during exercise.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Fatigue.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Wheezing.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Recurring or chronic bronchitis or colds that impact your respiratory system.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Asthma that isn't well-controlled, or has unidentified triggers.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>A cough that doesn’t improve over time (chronic cough).</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Sleep apnea symptoms, like extreme tiredness or loud snoring.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>Lung Disease Tests and Diagnoses</span><span>(4)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>If you're struggling with a respiratory disease, accurate diagnosis is the first step.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Blood gas test</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Lung biopsy</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Incentive spirometer</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Chest X-ray</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Computed tomography (CT) scan</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>bronchoscopies </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span>-<span>       </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>sleep studies to diagnose chronic lung disease</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>What causes lung disease?</span><span>(5)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span>1.<span>  </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span>Smoking</span></b><span>: Smoke from cigarettes, cigars, and pipes is the number one cause of lung disease. Don't start smoking, or quit if you already smoke. If you live or work with a smoker, avoid secondhand smoke. Ask smokers to smoke outdoors. Secondhand smoke is especially bad for babies and young children.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>2.<span>  </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span>Radon</span></b><span>: This colorless, odorless gas is present in many homes and is a recognized cause of lung cancer. You can check for radon with a kit bought at many hardware stores. Radon can be reduced in your home if you find out there are high levels.</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>3.<span>  </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span>Asbestos:</span></b><span> This is natural mineral fiber that is used in insulation, fireproofing materials, car brakes, and other products. Asbestos can give off small fibers that are too small to be seen and can be inhaled. Asbestos harms lung cells, causing lung scarring and lung cancer. </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span>4.<span>  </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><b><span>Air pollution</span></b><span>: Recent studies suggest that some air pollutants like car exhaust may contribute to asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and other lung diseases.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>Some diseases that affect the lungs, like the flu, are caused by germs (bacteria, viruses, and fungi).<span lang="AR-JO" dir="RTL"></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="AR-JO" dir="RTL"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span>tips to keep your lungs healthy and reduce your risk of lung disease:</span><span>(6)</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>stop Smoking </span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Limit exposure to outdoor air pollution</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Be physically active</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Reduce indoor air pollution</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><span>·<span>     </span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><span>Use protective gear</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><img width="72" height="38" src="file:///C:/Users/DeLL/AppData/Local/Packages/oice_16_974fa576_32c1d314_e54/AC/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png"></span><span> </span></p> <br clear="ALL"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><b><span lang="AR-JO" dir="RTL"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>         </span></b><b><span>Try to incorporate these five habits into each day: Stop smoking, exercise regularly, reduce exposure to pollutants, avoid infections, and breathe deeply. By focusing a little of your energy on these tasks, you can help keep your lungs working optimally for life.<span lang="AR-JO" dir="RTL"></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="AR-JO" dir="RTL"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="AR-JO" dir="RTL"> </span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b><span>References<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span lang="AR-JO" dir="RTL"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span>:</span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><b><span>1.<span>   </span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010482516301263?via%3Dihub"><b><span>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010482516301263?via%3Dihub</span></b></a><b><span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b><span>2.<span>   </span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22210-pulmonologist"><b><span>https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22210-pulmonologist</span></b></a><b><span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b><span>3.<span>   </span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="https://www.lung.org/blog/know-your-providers-pulmonologist"><b><span>https://www.lung.org/blog/know-your-providers-pulmonologist</span></b></a><b><span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b><span>4.<span>   </span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/pulmonary/lung-disease-tests-and-diagnoses"><b><span>https://www.nm.org/conditions-and-care-areas/pulmonary/lung-disease-tests-and-diagnoses</span></b></a><b><span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b><span>5.<span>   </span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/lung-disease"><b><span>https://www.womenshealth.gov/a-z-topics/lung-disease</span></b></a><b><span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><b><span>6.<span>   </span></span></b><span dir="LTR"></span><a href="https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs/lung-health"><b><span>https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/lungs/lung-health</span></b></a></p>

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